Table of Contents

Multilayer switching

Multilayer switching - CEF

NetFlow switching

(route cache switching)

CEF Cisco Express Forwarding

Podporované platformy:

FIB Forwarding Information Base

Zobrazení FIB:

Switch# show ip cef [type mod/num | vlan vlan-id] [detail]
Switch# show ip cef vlan 101
Prefix			Next Hop		Interface
10.1.1.0/24 		attached 		Vlan101
10.1.1.2/32 		10.1.1.2 		Vlan101
10.1.1.3/32 		10.1.1.3 		Vlan101
Switch# show ip cef [prefix-ip prefix-mask] [longer-prefixes] [detail]

longer-prefixes - vypíše i routy s delší maskou než která byla specifikována v příkazu

Switch# show ip cef 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 longer-prefixes
Prefix 			Next Hop 		Interface
10.1.1.0/24 		attached 		Vlan101
10.1.1.2/32 		10.1.1.2 		Vlan101
10.1.1.3/32 		10.1.1.3 		Vlan101
10.1.2.0/24 		attached 		Vlan102
10.1.3.0/26 		192.168.1.2 		Vlan99
			192.168.1.3 		Vlan99
10.1.3.64/26 		192.168.1.2 		Vlan99
			192.168.1.3 		Vlan99
10.1.3.128/26		192.168.1.4 		Vlan99
			192.168.1.3	 	Vlan99
[output omitted]
Switch# show ip cef 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.192 detail
10.1.3.0/26, version 270, epoch 0, per-destination sharing
0 packets, 0 bytes
   via 192.168.1.2, Vlan99, 0 dependencies
      traffic share 1
      next hop 192.168.1.2, Vlan99
      valid adjacency
   via 192.168.1.3, Vlan99, 0 dependencies
      traffic share 1
      next hop 192.168.1.3, Vlan99
      valid adjacency
   0 packets, 0 bytes switched through the prefix
   tmstats: external 0 packets, 0 bytes
            internal 0 packets, 0 byte

Důvody proč paket není směrován dle FIB:

Adjacency Table

Switch# show adjacency [type mod/num | vlan vlan-id] [summary | detail]
Switch# show adjacency summary
Adjacency Table has 106 adjacencies
   Table epoch: 0 (106 entries at this epoch)
   Interface		Adjacency Count
   Vlan99 		21
   Vlan101 		3
   Vlan102 		1
   Vlan103 		47
   Vlan104 		7
   Vlan105 		27
Switch# show adjacency vlan 99 detail
Protocol   Interface		Address
IP	   Vlan99		192.168.1.2(5)
  				   0 packets, 0 bytes
				   000A5E45B145000E387D51000800
				   ARP		01:52:50
				   Epoch: 0
IP	   Vlan99		192.168.1.3(5)
				   1 packets, 104 bytes
				   000CF1C909A0000E387D51000800
				   ARP		04:02:11
				   Epoch: 0
Switch# show ip cef adjacency glean
Prefix 			Next Hop		Interface
10.1.1.2/32 		attached 		Vlan101
127.0.0.0/8 		attached 		EOBC0/0
[output omitted]

Switch# show ip arp 10.1.1.2

Switch# show ip cef 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.255 detail
10.1.1.2/32, version 688, epoch 0, attached, connected
0 packets, 0 bytes
   via Vlan101, 0 dependencies
      valid glean adjacency

Typy záznamů v adjacency table:

Switch# show cef drop
CEF Drop Statistics
Slot	Encap_fail	Unresolved	Unsupported	No_route 	No_adj	ChkSum_Err
RP	   8799327		 1	      45827	5089667 	    32 		0
Switch# show cef not-cef-switched
CEF Packets passed on to next switching layer
Slot   No_adj   No_encap   Unsupp’ted   Redirect   Receive   Options   Access   Frag
RP    3579706          0            0          0  41258564         0        0      0

Důvody pro zpracování v L3 enginu:

Packet Rewrite
  1. L2 cílová adresa - změna na MAC next-hopu
  2. L2 zdrojová adresa - změna na MAC odchozího L3 interfejsu switche
  3. L3 IP TTL - snížení hodnoty o jedna
  4. L3 IP checksum - přepočítání kontrolního součtu IP hlavičky
  5. L2 frame checksum - přepočítání kontrolního součtu L2 rámce

Konfigurace CEF

Na Cat3750 a 4500 lze vypnout:

Switch(config-if)# no ip route-cache cef
Switch(config-if)# no ip cef

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